‘The Eight Amendment bars not only those punishments that are “barbaric,” but also those that are “excessive” in relation to the crime committed, and a punishment is “excessive” and unconstitutional if it (1) makes no measurable contribution to acceptable goals of punishment, and hence is nothing more than the purposeless and needless imposition of pain and suffering; or (2) is grossly out of proportion to the severity of the crime.’
- Proportionality of sentencing